Construction Codes & Inspection Handbook

Contents

1. General Information, 1
Introduction, 2
Responsibility, 2
Authority, 3
Quality Control, 3
Plans and Specifications, 3
Required Geographic Design Criteria Shop Drawings, 4
Shop Drawings, 4
Inspection Report, 4
Preconstruction Meeting, 6
Equipment Proposal, 6
Claims, 7
Progress Schedules, 7
Labor Enforcement, 7
Storage of Materials, 8
Subcontractors' Payment Estimates, 8
Rights-of-Way, 8
Photographs, 8
Record Drawings, 8
Project Turnover, 9
Quality Control, 9
Safety, 9
Inspection Files, 9
Recommended Equipment, 10
References for the Inspector, 11

2. Design Quality Control Checklists, 13
During Design, 14
IBC Code Requirements Affecting Plan Review, 29

3. Sitework, 35
Layout and Quantity Surveys, 36
Layout Procedures, 36
Quantity Surveys, 36
Clearing and Grubbing, 37
Preconstruction Actions, 37
Clearing, Grubbing, and Disposal Work, 39
Clearing, 40
Disposal, 40
Cleanup, 41
Earthwork, 41
General, 41
Topsoil, 44
Excavation, 45
Earth Excavation for Buildings, 46
Foundations, 48
Caissons, 48
Footer Design (Typical), 49
Embankments and Backfill, 50
Final Grading and Subgrade Preparation, 52
Drainage Fills for Slabs and Stone Protection, 52
Underground Pipe Systems, 53
General, 53
Pipes and Fittings, 54
Jointing of Pipes, 60
General, 60
Hot-Pour Joints, 60
Poured Lead Joints, 60
Flexible Joints, 60
Tapered End Couplings, 60
Cement Mortar Joints, 60
Pipe Threads, 60
Copper Tubing Joints, 60
Welded Joints, 60
Mechanical Joints in Manholes, 61
Flanged Joints in Manholes, 61
Corrugated Banding, 61
Caps or Plugs, 61
Manholes, Concrete Cradles, and Encasements, 61
Excavation, Trenching, and Backfilling, 61
Summary of Site Piping, 62
Paving, 62
General, 62
Control Testing-General, 62
Subcontractor Proposals, 63
Preparation of Subgrade, 63
Sub-base and Base Courses, 64
Granular Bases, 66
Reference for Additional Information, 67
Bituminous Prime and Tack Coats, 67
Planning 67
Application, 68
Initial Checks, 68
Transporting, Placing, and Finishing Equipment, 69
Paving Operations, 69
Production Control, 70
Placement of Mix, 70
Check Sampling and Testing, 71
Special Applications of Asphalt, 72
Concrete Pavement, 72
Air-Entrained Concrete, 72
Exposure Definitions (ACI 211.1), 73
Mixing Plant, 73
Inspections during Paving, 74
Joint Types (Typical), 77
Concrete Sidewalks, Curbs, and Gutters, 80
General, 80
ADA Requirements, 81
Common ADA Errors and Omissions in New Construction and Alterations, 82
Introduction, 82
Parking 82
Accessible Route-Exterior, 83
Curb Ramps, 83
Ramps, 83
Stairs, 84
Doors, 84
Stairs for Commercial Use, 85
Ramps for Commercial Use, 85
Patching Pavements, 85
Materials, 85
Storage, 85
Mix, 85
Equipment, 85
Preparation for Placement, 85
Placing, 86
Safety, 86

4. Concrete, 87
Concrete for Structures, 88
General, 88
Types of Concrete, 88
Concrete Strength Test, 88
Air-Entrained Concrete, 88
Air-Entraining Materials, 90
Concrete Practices, Test Methods, and Reporting Standards, 90
Strength, 91
Tests for Air Content, 91
Admixtures, 91
Recommended Air Contents, 92
Grouts, 92
Job Site Concrete Mixing, 93
Field Test for Moisture on Sand, 93
Concrete Reinforcement, 94
Steel Grading Authority, 94
Soil Capacities, 95
Footers (Code-Required Widths per Soil Conditions), 95
Testing Concrete at the Site, 96
Concrete Slump Test, 96
Footers/Foundations, 98
Typical Footer Sizes, 98
Minimum Width of Footings, 99
Concrete Slabs, 99
Questionable Soils, 99
Monolithic Slab, 99
Piers (CMU), 99
Records, 100
Concrete Materials, 100
Concrete Placement, 101
Forming Concrete, 101
Concrete Protection, 102
Concrete Rates of Pours, 102 Form Ties 102
Concrete Column Bracing, 102
Miscellaneous Material, 102
Stockpiles, 103
Water, 103
Admixtures, 103
Preplacement Inspection, 104
Other Concrete Wall Systems, 106
ICF Wall Types, 107
Slabs on Grade, 107
Welded Wire Fabric 108
Weather Considerations, 108
Cold Weather Concrete, 108
Concrete Insulation, 109
Hot Weather Concrete, 109
Effects of High Concrete Temperatures, 109
Cooling Concrete Materials, 110
Special Precautions, 110
Preplacement Inspection, 111
Foundation Insulations, 111
Unbalanced Backfill, 112
Crawlspace Venting, 113
Ventilation, 113
ADA Requirements (Flatwork), 113
Shoring Elevated Slabs, 114
Metal Tubular Frames, 115
Tube and Coupler Shoring, 116
Single-Post Shores, 116
Adjustable Timber Single-Post Shores, 117
Nailing, 117
Final Checks, 117
Metal Decks, 118
Control and Construction Joints, 119
Control Joints, 119
Construction Joints, 119
Typical Joint Types and Locations, 120
Reinforcement, 120
Minimum Bend Diameters for Reinforcement, 121
Reinforcing Bars, 121
Concrete Testing, 122
Conveying and Placing, 122
Removal of Forms, 124
Finishing, 125
Typical Tolerances, 125
Footings, 125
Walls, 125
Columns, 125
Beams and Girders, 125
Elevated Slabs, 125
Concrete Finishes, 126
Unformed Surfaces, 126
Smooth Finish for Formed Surfaces, 126
Rubbed Finish, 126
Monolithic Finish, 126
Curing, Protection, and Finishing, 127
Lightweight Concretes, 129
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) of Concrete, 129
Retaining Walls, 131
Stucco, 132
Twenty of the Most Common Concrete Problems, 132
ASTM Concrete Standards, 133
Concrete Inspection Forms and Worksheets, 137
Concrete Pour Worksheet, 138
Concrete Form Inspector's Report, 140

5. Masonry, 143
General, 144
Samples, 144
Sample Panels, 144
Tests, 144
Concrete Masonry Units (CMUs), 144 Concrete Block Grades, 144
Brick Grades,144
Mortar, 145
Materials, 146
Brick, 147
Erection and Placement, 149
Protection, 149
Backfill Adjacent to Masonry Walls, 150
CMU Foundations, 151
Parging Walls, 152
Brick, 156
Veneer Ties, 156
Concrete Masonry Units (CMUs), 157
Grouting, 158
Fireplaces, 159
Fire Brick, 159
Masonry Chimneys, 159
Chimney Dampers, 160
Roof Clearances, 161
Reinforced Masonry, 162
Pointing and Cleaning, 163
Wall Ties/Reinforcement, 163
Cold Weather Mortar, 164
CMU Retaining Walls, 164
Common Masonry Defects/Problems, 166
Stucco, 166
ASTM Concrete Standards, 166
ASTM Masonry Standards, 170

6. Carpentry, 173
Delivery and Storage, 174
Lumber Characteristics, 174
Defects, 174
Common Wood Engineering Terms, 175
Grade Stamps, 176
Crawlspace Framing, 180
Pressure-Treated, 180
Columns and Posts, 180
Girders, 181
Steel, 181
Wood Girders: Exterior Walls, 182
Interior Girders, 183
Pipe Post Loads, 186
Floors (Framing), 186
Joist, 186
Engineered Joist, 186
Joist Spans, 189
Floor Joist Spans--30-psf Live Load, 189
Joist Spans for Areas Requiring Maximum Deflection L/360, 194
Ceiling Joist Spans, 198
Engineered Lumber, 201
Engineered Structural Wood, 201
Sheathing, 205
Plywood, 205
Plywood Classifications, 205
Plywood Exposure Ratings, 206
Grade Designation, Description, and Uses of Typical Plywoods, 206
Walls (Framing), 207
Studs, 207
Wall Bracing, 208
Firestopping, 210
Firestop Materials, 210
Headers, 210
Header Spans (Exterior Walls), 210
Header Spans (Interior Walls), 212
Headers in Joists or Rafters, 212
Fasteners, 212
Staples, 214
Top Plates, 214
Particleboard Wall Sheathing, 214
Staples for Wood Structural Panels, 215
Rafters, 215
Cutting and Notching (Joists and Rafters), 215
Rafter Spans, 215
Glue- Laminated Beams, 228
Roofs, 229
Roof Framing, 229
Purlins, 230
Roof Curbs, 230
Trusses, 230
Roof Tiedowns (Hurricane Clips), 231
Wind Exposure Categories, 233
Wind Forces, 234
Roof Ventilation, 235
Attic Access, 235
Truss Installation, 235
Truss Inspections, 237
Truss Repairs, 237
Truss Design Requirements, 237
Roof Sheathing, 239
Chimneys and Fireplace Framing, 239
Interior Trim/Framing, 240
Kitchen Cabinets, 240
Ramps and Stairs, 240
Ramps (Residential), 240
Ramps (Commercial), 241
Stairs (Residential), 241
Nosing, 241
Spiral Stairs, 241
Circular Stairs, 241
Handrails, 241
Stairs (Commercial), 241
Fireplace Trim, 242
Wood Decks/Balconies, 242
Deck/Balcony Joist Spans, 243
Maximum Beam Spans for Decks, 243
Post Loading for Decks, 243
Fasteners for Decks, 245
Deck Loading, 246

7. Structural Steel, 247
General, 248
Preconstruction Inspection, 248
Shop Drawings, 248
Steel on the Job Site, 249
Truss Rigging, 250
Common Causes of Steel Failures, 251
Contractor's Equipment, 251
Foundations Alignment, 251
Anchor Bolts, 251
Steel Erection, 251
Turn-of-Nut (Bolt) Tightening Method, 253
Unfinished Bolted Connections, 254
Steel Decking, 255
Steel Tanks, 255
Welding, 255
General, 255
Prior to Welding, 256
Welding Sequence and Procedure Drawings, 256
Inspection Procedure, 256
Types of Welding Inspections, 258
Protection, 259
Steel Roof Decking, 259
General, 259
Submittals, 259
Storage, 260
Installation Procedures, 260
Structural Steel Checklist, 262

8. Doors and Windows, 265
Metal Doors and Frames, 266
Submittals, 266
Manufacturing Instructions, 266
Materials, 266
General, 266
Finish, 266
Weather Stripping, 267
Hardware, 267
Screens, 267
Glazing, 267
Safety Glass, 267
ADA Clearance Requirements, 269
Front Approaches, 269
Hinge Side Approach Doors, 269
Latch Side Approach, 269
Storage, 269
Installation, 270
Aluminum Combination Doors, 270
Aluminum Hinged Doors, 271
Aluminum Sliding Glass Doors, 271
Steel-Hinged Doors, 271
Steel Overhead Doors, 271
Steel Rolling Doors, 271
Steel Sliding Doors, 271
Accordion Doors, 271
Fire-Rated Doors, 271
Cold Storage Doors, 272
Electric Operators, 272
Wood Doors and Frames, 272
Submittals, 272
Materials, 272
Defects and Warp, 273
Storage, 273
Installation, 273
Metal and Wood Windows, 273
Submittals, 273
Materials, 274
Environmental Control Windows, 274
Installation, 274
Hardware, 275
Materials, 275
Application, 275
Glazing, 276
Submittals, 276
Materials, 276
Installation, 276

9. Finishes, 279
Metal Framing and Furring and Lath and Plaster (Stucco), 280
General, 280
Framing and Furring, 280
Lathing, 280
Plastering, 280
Stucco, 280
Veneer Plaster, 280
Submittals, 280
Materials, 280
Storage, 281
Preparation, 282
Lathing, 281
Plastering and Stucco, 182
Openings, 182
Testing, 282
Installation and Application, 282
Ceiling Framing and Furring, 282
Wall Framing and Furring, 283
Lathing, 283
Openings, 283
Accessories, 283
Gypsum Base Coats, 284
Gypsum Finish Coat, 284
Portland Cement Plaster, 284
Stucco, 284
Veneer Plaster, 284
Gypsum Wallboard (GWB), 285
General, 285
Materials, 285
Drywall Screws, 285
Fire-Rated Construction, 286
Waterproofing, 286
Installation: Ceiling Framing and Furring, 287
Wood, 287
Steel Framing, 287
Suspended Ceilings, 287
Steel Furring, 287
Installation: Wall Framing and Furring, 287
Steel Framing, 287
Steel Furring, 287
Frame Openings, 287
Application, 288
Joint Treatment, 288
Control Joints, 288
Schedule of Inspections, 288
Delivery and Storage, 288
Framing Inspection, 288
Suspended Grillage, 289
Inspecting Drywall and Veneer Plaster Installations, 289
Fasteners, 290
Adhesives, 290
Joint Treatment-Drywall, 290
Levels of Gypsum Board Finishing, 290
Inspecting Joint Treatment and Finish- Veneer Plaster, 291
Inspecting Conventional Plaster Installations, 291
Grounds for Plastering, 292
Job Conditions for Plastering, 292
Plaster Application, 292
Cleanup, 292
Terrazzo; Ceramic and Quarry Tile, 292
General, 292
Materials, 293
Preparation, 294
Installation, 294
Ceramic Tile, 294
Quarry Tile, 295
Acceptance Testing, 295
Resilient Flooring, 295
General, 295
Materials, 295
Preparation, 295
Installation, 296
Cleaning and Protection, 296
Acoustical Treatment, 296
General, 296
Materials, 296
Preparation, 297
Instruction, 297
Painting, 297
General, 297
Submittals, 297
Materials, 297
Surface Preparation 298
Moisture Test for Concrete Slabs, 299
Application, 299
Inspection of Dry Paint Coatings, 300
Wall Covering, 301
Toilet Partitions and Accessories, 302
Submittals, 302
Materials, 302
Installation and Application, 302
Raised Floors, 303
Submittals, 303
Materials, 304
ADA Requirements, 304
Installation, 304
Floor Panels, 305
Finish Flooring, 305
Testing, 306
Protection, 306
Spare Parts, 306
Window Treatment, 306
General, 306
Materials, 306
Installation, 306
Cabinets and Casework, 306
General, 306
Materials, 306
Installation, 307

10. Thermal and Moisture Protection, 309
Dampproofing and Waterproofing, 310
Submittals, 310
Surface Preparations, 310
Dampproofing, 310
Waterproofing, 310
Waterproofing Systems, 311
Foundation Dampproofing, 311
Foundation Waterproofing, 311
Exterior Flashing/House Wraps, 311
Fireproofing (Cementitious), 312
Building Insulation, 312
Submittals, 312
Common Thermal Terms, 312
Design Temperature, 313
Materials, 313
Installation, 313
Configurated Roofing and Siding, 313
Shop Drawings and Samples, 313
Storage and Protection, 314
Installation, 314
Application, 314
Insulation for Built-up Roofing, 314
Noncombustible Roof Materials, 315
Fire-Retardant Roofing, 315
Nonrated Roofing, 315
Special Requirements over Steel Decks, 315
Preparation of the Roof Deck, 315
Application of Vapor Barrier, 316
Wood Nailers and Vents, 316
Application of Insulation, 316
Built-up Roofing, 317
Membrane Roofing, 320
Flashings, 321
Roof Walkways and Ladders, 322
Single-Ply Roofing, 322
Fluid-Applied Roofing, 323
Strip Shingle Roofing, 323
Ventilation, 324
Valley Flashings, 325
Fasteners, 325
Tile Roofing, 326
Wood Shingles, 326
Underlayment for Low Slope Roof, 326
Flashing and Sheet Metal, 326
Preparation for Inspection of Sheet Metal Work, 326
Installation, 326
Metal Base Flashing, 327
Cap Flashings, 327
Through-Wall Flashing, 327
Valley Flashing, 327
Stepped Base Flashing, 327
Edge Strip, 327
Louvers, 327
Reglets, 328
Gutters, 328
Downspouts, 328
Parapet Covers, 328
Miscellaneous, 328
Caulking and Sealants, 328
Submittals, 328
Material, 328
Insulations, 330
Mineral Wool, 330
Wood Products, 331
Insulating Foams, 331

11. Piping Systems, 333
General, 334
Materials, 334
Water Pipe and Fittings, 334
Fuel Gas Pipe and Fittings, 334
Drainage Pipe and Fittings, 335
Heating Pipe and Fittings, 335
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Pipe and Fittings, 335
Fire Sprinkler Pipe and Fittings, 336
Installation of Piping Systems, 336
General, 336
Pipe Connections, 337
Screwed, 337
Mechanical, 337
Hub and Hubless Types, 337
Soldered, 338
Solvent Cement (Adhesive), 338
Welded, 338
Fittings and Valves, 338
Pipelines, 339
Water Pipelines, 339
Fuel Gas Pipelines, 340
Appliance Installations, 343
Types of Protection(s), 343
Venting Gas Appliances, 344
Masonry Chimneys, 344
Chimney Dampers, 345
Clothes Dryer Exhaust ( Gas), 348
Drainage Lines, 348
Heating Pipelines, 348
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Pipelines, 348
Fire Sprinkler Pipelines, 348
Testing, 348
Preparation, 348
Performing Tests, 349
Cleaning, Adjusting, and Operation, 350
Plumbing Systems, 350
General, 350
Fixtures and Materials, 350
Coordination of Work, 350
Installation, 351
ADA Requirements, 352
Pipelines, Drains, Vent Stacks, and Insulation, 352
Cleaning, Adjusting, and Operating, 352
Residential Plumbing Requirements, 353
Fuel Piping, 353
Liquid Petroleum Tanks, 354
Oil Lines/Tanks, 355
Types of Fuel Oils, 355
Drilling and Notching of Structural Members for All Lines, 356
Studs, 356
Joists, 356
Water Lines, 357
Copper Pipes, 358
Plastic Water Lines, 358
Determining Required Water Supply and Pipe Sizes, 358
Water Pipe Corrosion, 360
Other Causes of Pipe Corrosion, 360
Plumbing Fixtures, 360
Showers, 360
Sanitary Drainage, 361
Determining Drainage Capacity, 361
Cleanouts, 362
Fittings, 362
Drains, 362
Roof Vents, 362
Traps, 363
Septic Tanks, 363
Water Heaters, 364
Boiler/Water Heaters, 364
Domestic Water Wells, 365
Disinfecting of Wells, 365
Fire Protection Systems, 365
General, 365
Sprinkler Systems, 366
Water Supply, 366
Aboveground Piping, 367
Sprinkler Heads, 367
Drains, 367
Wet Pipe Systems, 367
Dry Pipe Systems, 367
Sterilization, 367
Alarm Facilities, 367
Testing, 367
Fire Protection Checklist, 368
Underground Pipe Systems, 368
General, 368
Plans, Specifications, and Layout, 368
Accessibility of Valves, Hydrants, and Manholes, 368
Lines and Grades, 368
Connections to Existing Utilities, 368
Interference, 368
Damages, 369
Testing, 369
Pipes and Fittings, 369
Material Compliance, 369
Handling and Storage, 369
Field Coating, 369
Laying Pipes-General, 369
Water Lines, 369
Thrust Block Area of Bearing, 371
Fuel Gas Lines, 371
Sanitary Sewers, 372
Storm Sewers, 372
Heat Distribution Lines, 372
Fuel Lines, 372
Jointing of Pipes, 373
Manholes and Concrete Encasements, 374
Excavation and Backfilling, 374
Summary, 375
Corrosions, 375

12. Mechanics, 383
General, 384
Shop Drawings, 384
Ductwork, 384
Fabrication, 384
Ductwork Code Requirements, 384
Erection, 384
Diffusers, Registers, and Grilles, 386
Installation, 386
Duct Insulation, 386
Diffusers, Registers, and Grilles, 386
Balancing and Testing, 387
Mechanical Insulation, 387
General, 387
Identification of Material, 387
Shop Drawings, 387
Ductwork Insulation, 387
Pipe Insulation, 387
Ducts Generally Not Requiring Insulation, 388
Insulation for Rectangular and Round Ducts, 388
Insulation for Hot Equipment, 388
Insulation for Cold Equipment, 388
Aboveground Pipe Insulation, 388
Piping Exposed to Weather, 389
Underground Pipe Insulation, 389
Cellular Glass Insulation, 389
Heating Systems, 389
General, 389
Materials and Equipment, 389
Boilers, Furnaces, and Accessory Equipment, 390
Fuel-Burning Equipment, 390
Appliance Types, 390
Types of Protection(s), 391
Venting Gas Appliances, 391
Masonry Chimneys, 391
Chimney Dampers, 392
Vent and Connector Tables, 395
Direct Venting, 411
Clearances from Combustionable Materials for Connectors, 411
Draft Fans, 412
Oil Storage Tank, 412
Circulating, Condensate, and Vacuum Return Pumps, 412
Miscellaneous Fittings and Equipment, 412
Inspection, 412
Piping, 412
Pipe Insulation, 413
Hot Water Systems, 413
High-Temperature Hot Water, 413
Mechanical Vaults, 413
Steam Systems, 414
Hot Air Heating, 414
Heating and Ventilating Units, 414
Unit Heaters, 414
Controls, 414
Boilers and Boiler Plants, 414
General Requirements, 414
Settings, 414
Fuel-Burning Equipment, 415
Draft Fans and Ductwork, 415
Blow Down System, 415
Combustion Controls, 415
Flame Types (Fuel Gas), 416
Yellow-Tipped Flame, 416
Lazy-Soft Flame, 416
Floating Flame, 416
Uniform Lifting Flame, 416
Orange-Colored Flame, 416
Sharply Defined Flame, 417
Appliance Types, 417
Appliance Installation Codes: Requirements, 417
Heating and Cooling Equipment, 417
Economizers and Air Heaters, 417
Fly Ash Collectors, 417
Boiler Specialties, 417
Soot Blowers, 418
Boiler Feedwater, 418
Turbines, 419
Smoke Connections, 419
Fuel Storage and Conveying, 419
Painting, 419
Testing, 420
Operating Instructions and Guaranties, 420
Ventilating, Air Supply, and Distribution System, 420
General, 420
Equipment, 420
Clothes Dryers, 420
Fans and Air Handling Units, 421
Power Roof Ventilators, 421
Gravity Ventilators, 421
Dampers, 421
Filters, 421
Screens, 421
Return Air, 421
Supply Air Venting, 422
Combustible Air, 422
Air from Inside Building, 422
Air from Outdoors, 422
Combustion and Vent Air, 422
Vents, 423
General, 423
Types of Vents, 423
Ductwork and Mechanical Insulation, 423
Balancing and Testing, 423
Air Movement from Type A Outlets (Ceiling), 424
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, 424
General, 424
Piping, 425
Drilling and Notching of Structural Members, 425
Studs, 425
Joist Specs (Notching or Drilling), 426
Notch and Hole Spacing and Sizes Allowed for Joists, 426
Insulation, 427
Equipment, 427
General, 427
Condensers, 427
Reciprocating Compressors, 428
Centrifugal Compressors, 428
Receivers, 428
Water Chillers, 428
Evaporative Coolers, 428
Unit Coolers, 428
Refrigeration Specialties, 428
Package-Type Air Conditioners, 429
Heat Pumps, 429
Washers, 429
Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers, 429
Absorption Refrigeration Machine, 430
Cooling Towers and Ponds, 430
Pumps, 430
Insulation, 430
Controls, 430
Testing, 431
Painting, 431
Operating Instructions and Guaranties, 431
Carbon Monoxide, 432
Energy Conservation, 432
Insulation, 432
Appliances, 433
Exterior Wall R- Values, 433
Foundation Insulation, 435
HVAC/Energy Definitions, 436

13. Electrical, 439
Interior Electrical, 440
General Requirements, 440
Drawings and Specifications, 441
Temporary Electric, 441
Wiring Methods (NEC 300), 443
Cable Systems, 445
Busway Systems (NEC 364; Project Specifications), 446
Busways, 447
Underfloor Raceways, 447
Continuous Rigid Cable Supports or Cable Trays, 447
Wireways, 447
Underfloor Duct Systems (NEC 354, 356), 447
Movable Partition, 447
Conductors (NEC 310), 448
Outlets, 448
General Receptacles, 448
Color Coding, 449
Device Plates, 452
Receptacles, 452
Boxes, 452
Wall Switches, 453
Outlets, 453
Service Equipment, 454
Panelboards, 454
Cabinets, 454
Fuses, 454
Underground Service Conduits, 455
Lamps and Lighting Fixtures, 455
Equipment Connections, 456
Transformer Stations, 456
Dry-Type Transformers, 456
Transformer Taps, 456
Liquid-Filled Transformers, 456
Nameplate Data, 456
Accessories, 456
Bushings, 456
Insulating Liquid, 456
Grounding, 457
Ventilation, 457
Switchgear, 457
Engine Generator Sets, 457
Elevator Installations, 457
Specialty Systems, 458
Tests, 458
All Testing, 458
Precautions, 458
Electrical Tests, 458
Records of Tests, 458
Description of Tests, 458
Megger Tests, 459
Method of Testing, 459
Exterior Electrical, 460
General, 460
Aerial Distribution, 460
Wood Poles, 460
Crossarms, 461
Hardware, 461
Insulators, 461
Conductors (Aerial), 461
Giving, 461
Residential Services, 461
Service Clearances, 461
Check during Installation, 462
Primary and Secondary Fuse Cutouts, 463
Lighting Arrestors, 463
Poletop Switches, 463
Grounding, 463
Street Lighting, 463
Underground Risers, 464
Underground Distribution, 464
Duct System, 464
Manholes and Underground Vaults, 464
Primary Cables, 464
Direct Burial Cable, 465
Cathodic Protection, 466
Electrical Heating, 467
General, 467
Electric Water Heaters, 467
Electric Heaters, 468
Coordination with Mechanical Work for Electric Water Heaters, 468
Alarm and Detection Systems, 468
General, 468
Fire Detecting Devices, 469
Smoke Detectors, Ionization Types, 469
Smoke Detectors, Photoelectric Type, 469
Heat Detectors, 469
Fire Alarm Stations, 469
Signaling Devices, 469
Control Units, 469
Power Supply, 469
Testing, 470
Lightning Protection, 470
General, 470
Limitations in Use of Lightning Protection, 471
Air Terminals, 471
Roof Conductors, 471
Fences, 471
Copper, 472
Aluminum, 472
Down Conductors, 472
Metal Roofs, 473
Aluminum Conductors, 473
General, 473
Materials, 473
Bolts, Nuts, and Washers, 473
Installation, 474
Removing Insulation, 474
Surface Preparation, 474
Connections, 474
Environmental Conditions, 474
Inspection and Analysis, 475
Working Clearances, 475
Terminals, 475
Grounded Conductors, 475
Grounding of Service, 476
Subpanels and Fuse Boxes, 476
Residential Requirements by Rooms, 477
Kitchens, 477
Laundry Area, 477
Attics, 477
Basements, 477
Lighting, 477
Minimum Service Load Calculation Procedures for Residential Use, 477
Ohm's Law, 477

14. OSHA, 479
General, 480
Prime Contractor/Subcontractor Relationship, 480
Fire Protection and Prevention, 480
Housekeeping, 480
Illumination, 480
First Aid, 480
Sanitation, 481
Toilets, 481
Noise Exposure, 481
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), 481
Head Protection, 481
Eye and Face Protection, 481
Fall Protection, 482
Control Lines, 482
Holes in Decks, 482
Safety Belts, Lanyards, and Lifelines, 482
Safety Net, 482
Fire Protection, 482
Material Storage, 483
Rigging, 483
Wire Ropes, 483
Tools, 483
Power Tools, 483
Gas Welding and Cutting, 484
Electrical, 484
Generators, 484
Scaffolds, 484
Excavations, 485
Definitions, 485
Types of Soils, 485
Manual Tests, 485
Visual Analysis, 485
Sloping and Benching, 486
Stairways and Ladders, 487
Stair Rails and Handrails, 487
Ladders, 487
Lead in Construction, 487
Standards, 488
Compliance Plan, 488
Lead Paint, 488
Protective Measures, 488
Record Keeping, 489
OSHA Reporting, 489
OSHA Civil Penalties Policy, 489
Adjustment Factors, 490
Serious Violations, 490
Other- Than-Serious Violations, 490
Regulatory Violations, 490
Willful Violations, 491
Repeat Violations, 491
Failure to Abate, 491
OSHA Checklist, 491
Review for Items That Apply, 491
Self-Inspection Checklists, 491
Fire Alarm, 518
Power, 518
Lighting, 519
Conduits and Wire, 520
Plumbing, 521

Appendix C, 507
Appendix A. Referenced Trade Associations, 508
Appendix B. Typical Blueprint Symbols, 516
Electrical Abbreviations, 516
Exterior Electrical, 517
Communication, 517
Fire Alarm, 518
Power, 518
Lighting, 519
Conduits and Wire, 520
Plumbing, 521
Appendix C. Common Blueprint Abbreviations, 522
Appendix D. Common Lumber Abbreviations, 524
Appendix E. Useful Equations, 526
Weights and Measures (U.S. System), 526
How to Interpolate, 526
Converting Decimals to Fractions, 527
Weights of Building Materials, 528
Generalized Geologic Radon Potential of the United States by the U.S. Geological Survey, 529
Maximum Floor Allowances, 533
Appendix F. Climate Zones by States and Counties, 536

Glossary, 555
Index, 633

INTRODUCTION

As an Owner's Representative and/or the project Resident Inspector you should be thoroughly familiar with all the contract documents, including the plans with all changes and specifications as well as the contracts submittals such as shop drawings. Plans and specifications should include all revisions, changes, and amendments.

In addition, you should be thoroughly familiar with the reporting requirements as well as the specific duties and responsibilities (as well as the limits) that this particular project requires. Procedures and responsibilities will differ from project to project. It is crucial that the Inspector have a clear understanding of the project responsibilities as well as all reporting required prior to the start of the project.

THE ALL-IN-ONE QUALITY, CODE COMPLIANCE, AND BUILDING INSPECTION TOOLKIT

This resource simplifies quality assurance, code compliance, and inspection for commercial and industrial construction. Building professional Gil L. Taylor's Construction Codes and Inspection Handbook is the only reference that provides job-simplifying tools for nearly every function in quality and code compliance, from initial design document evaluation to project organization, from site preparation to turnover. The book includes each step in actual construction and covers all major building codes.

An unprecedented collection of job-simplifying tools, the Construction Codes and Inspection Handbook provides nearly 600 valuable checklists, tables, charts, and calculations that will save building professional time and money while helping to assure quality. With these tolls, every task, from establishing inspection guidelines to providing clients with schedules and specifications, becomes easier.

A toolkit that simplifies and speeds jobs involving code and quality issues in commercial and industrial construction, the Construction Codes and Inspection Handbook is an invaluable resource for the building industry.

"...Hard to imagine a more complete resource for architects, engineers, and code officials." - Charles Linn, Deputy Editor, Architectural Record

PROCEDURES AND JOB-CRITICAL TOOLS FOR EVERY PHASE OF CONSTRUCTION

TASK-SPEEDING TOOLS
Checklists, Tables, Calculations, and More in All These Areas.
Quality control and assurance
Responsibility and authority
Plans and specifications
Shop and record drawings
Inspectors' daily reports
Preconstruction meetings
Equipment proposals
Claims
Progress schedules
Labor enforcement
Storage of materials
Contractor's payment
Project turnover
Inspection files
Safety

TOOLS FOR COMPLYING WITH EVERY MAJOR CODE