Builder's Guide to Drainage & Retaining Walls
Creating an adequate drainage system is the critical first step in most construction projects. Retaining walls are integral to the design plan, when used to achieve level grade. This book provides a complete introduction to doing both right.
Creating an adequate drainage system is the critical first step in most construction projects. Retaining walls are integral to the design plan, when used to achieve level grade. These two topics are interrelated, and this book provides a complete introduction to doing both right.
Here you'll find the data you need on average rainfall and runoff requirements so you can figure gutters, downspouts and roof drainage, and install appropriate waterproofing and dampproofing in basements and crawlspaces.
The book gives details for determining slope drainage, doing the grading, complying with street drainage requirements, and dealing with lots with septic systems. Many types of retaining wall are covered, including modular unit walls, bin and crib walls, and more. Also provides tables for estimating concrete quantities for both poured-in-place and masonry and concrete walls. Includes detailed recommendations for retaining walls in most of the situations you're likely to encounter.
Includes a CD-ROM that brings you the entire book in an Adobe PDF file, for jobsite reference and quick word search. (This file has no print capability.) A second PDF file includes 100 sample details you can print and carry along on jobs.
| Weight | 1.560000 |
|---|---|
| ISBN | 188989267X |
| Page Count | 294 |
| Author | Max Schwartz/ Hamid Azizi |
| Publisher | Builder's Book Inc. |
| Dimensions | 8-1/2 x 11 |
Contents
INTRODUCTION: Drainage and Retaining Walls, ix
1. Rainfall and
Runoff, 1
Drainage System Defined, 2
Hydrostatic Head, 3
Weather Records, 5
Weather Forecasts, 6
Overview of
Drainage, 7
Layout and Design of Drainage System, 8
Drainage Procedure, 8
Good Drainage Practices, 9
2. Roof Drainage, 11
Rainfall Intensity - Downspout Capacity, 13
Downspout
Sizing, 14
How to Size a Roof Gutter, 14
Building Gutters, 15
3. Basement Drainage, 23
Basement Leaks, 23
Basementless Spaces (Crawl Space), 24
Damp-Proofing and Waterproofing, 25
Foundation Drains, 25
Foundation Damp-Proofing, 25
Masonry Foundation
Walls, 25
Concrete Foundation Walls, 25
4. lot
Drainage, 33
Field Surveying, 33
Transits, 36
Levels, 38
Leveling Rod and Measuring Pole, 41
Steel Tapes, 42
Topographic Maps, 43
Characteristics of Contour Lines, 44
Grading Specifications, 45
Excavation - Guide, 47
Fills - Guide, 48
Septic Tanks and Seepage Fields, 49
House Sewer, 49
Septic Tank, 49
Subsurface Absorption Field (Leaching Field), 51
Fields in Flat Areas, 53
Fields in Sloping
Ground, 53
Seepage Pits, 55
Absorption Beds, 56
Soil Classification System, 58
Problem Soils, 59
Estimated Soil Properties, 59
Angle of
Repose, 60
Permeability, 60
Erosion
Hazard, 61
Grading for Erosion Control, 61
Slippage Potential, 62
Storm Drainage, 62
Design Criteria for
Drainage, 63
5. Street
Drainage, 65
Minimum Street Grades, 65
Street Drainage, 67
Suggested Notes on Street Curb and Gutter Plans, 76
Public
Roads, 76
Soil Erosion, 78
Erosion of
Slopes, 78
Transverse Gullies, 78
Use of Vegetation, 78
Ditch
Erosion, 79
Ditch Enclosure in Storm
Sewer, 79
Paved Ditches, 79
6. Grading for Drainage, 81
Objective, 81
Protective Slopes around
Buildings, 81
Usable Outdoor
Areas, 81
Other Lot Areas, 82
Storm Water
Disposal, 82
Rough
Grading, 82
Finish
Grading, 83
Drainage
Structures, 83
General, 83
Paved
Gutters, 84
Drain
Inlets, 84
Drain Lines, 84
Splash Blocks, 84
Dry
Wells, 84
Driveways and Parking
Spaces, 84
Parking Space design, 85
Driveway
Design, 85
Construction, 85
Concrete Pavements, 85
Bituminous
Pavement, 86
Other Lot Improvements, 86
Tract
Grading, 86
Protective Slopes around
Buildings, 86
Basementless Spaces (Crawl Space), 86
Grading Requirements, 87
Construction Requirements and Limitations, 87
Building Construction on Compacted Filled Ground, 88
Measure of
Settlement, 88
Berms, 88
Gutters, 88
Site
Drainage, 88
Drainage Around
Building, 89
Maintenance of
Drainage, 89
Grading
Violations, 89
Grading Specifications, 90
Excavation - Guide, 92
Fills -
Guide, 93
Intervening
Terraces, 93
Compaction, 94
Soil Classification System, 95
Problem
Soils, 96
Estimated Soil
Properties, 96
Angle of
Repose, 97
Permeability, 97
Erosion
Hazard, 98
Grading for Erosion
Control, 98
Slippage
Potential, 99
7. Slope Drainage, 101
Residential Property, 101
Public Roads, 102
Slope
Failures, 103
Stability of Cut and Embankments, 105
Checklist for Investigation of Slope Failure, 105
Cast of Characters in a Land Failure Case, 106
Landslides, 106
Corrective Measures, 109
Drainage, 110
Planting and Irrigation of
Slopes, 117
Special Requirements for Sprinkler Systems, 118
Slope Maintenance, 118
8. Retaining Walls, 121
Retaining Wall Basics, 121
Types of Retaining Walls, 123
Retaining Wall Design, 125
Retaining Wall Notes, 125
Retaining Wall Foundation Layout, 125
Estimating Concrete Retaining Walls, 127
Estimating Wall Forms, 129
Steel Framed Plywood Forms, 130
9. Concrete Masonry Retaining Walls, 139
Dimensions, 139
Architectural Feature Units, 140
Cap or Paving Units, 140
Slumped Units, 140
Split-Faced Units, 140
Veneer Units, 140
Special Shaped Units, 140
Screen Blocks, 141
Modular Dimensions, 143
8" and 4" Modular Layout, 143
Building Code Construction Requirements, 143
Cold Weather
Construction, 144
Specifications for Concrete Masonry Construction, 144
10. Other Types of Retaining
Walls, 151
Buttress Fills, 151
Steel
Sheeting, 152
Crib Walls, or
Cribbing, 154
Wood Bulkheads or Steel Posts and Wood Planking, 158
11. Glossary of Drainage and Retaining Wall
Terms, 161
12. References for Drainage and Retaining Walls, 177
APPENDIX: Retaining Wall
Details, A-1
Index, Index-1
INTRODUCTION
Drainage and Retaining Walls
I am writing this book under a strong incentive. At present, rainstorm after
rainstorm is pelting most of California. Our central area is flooded as rivers
rise above their berms. Countless landslides, mud slides, and washed-out roads
are hitting much of California.
Much of the damage is due to substandard drainage design, construction and
maintenance.
This book is based upon the many standards and codes written toward prevention
of these natural catastrophes. .
The second part of this book is devoted to retaining walls, which are closely
related to good drainage design and an integral part of hillside grading,
roadwork, and flood control work. Master Builders have constructed retaining
walls of concrete, masonry, timber, sheet piling or compacted earth. Their
methods of work date back to Ancient Greece and the Biblical Times.
I hope that this Builder's Guide to Drainage and Retaining Walls will help in a
small part to reduce the damages from future rainstorms.
Builder's Guide to
DRAINAGE & RETAINING WALLS
100 ILLUSTRATIONS PLUS 100 DETAILS
Establishing adequate drainage is a critical first step in many of today's construction projects. And often, retaining walls must be used to provide a sufficiently level grade. These two topics Drainage and Retaining Walls - necessarily go hand-in-hand. This unique reference provides a comprehensive introduction to doing both right.
Rainfall and Runoff
Roof, Basement and Crawlspace Drainage
Lot Drainage - including Septic Systems
Street Drainage
Grading for Drainage
Slope Drainage
The various types of retaining walls
Estimating concrete walls, etc.
Concrete and Masonry Retaining Walls
Modular units and similar types of Retaining Walls: Bin, Crib, etc.
PLUS a full Glossary, detailed Index, more than 100 new black-and-white illustrations, and 100 sample details.
CD-ROM COMPANION
The enclosed CD-ROM Companion brings you the complete book in the popular PDF
format, for quick searching and on-the-go, jobsite reference.
Requires the FREE Adobe Reader program (not Included; available for download
at www.adobe.com at no charge).
NOTE: Printing of the book has been disabled. A separate PDF file has been
provided to enable printing of the Details.
Max Schwartz
Since serving in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, principal author Max
Schwartz has worked as a consulting civil and mechanical engineer. Licensed in
several states, he's worked jobs from small residential developments to major
industrial facilities, from the California suburbs to the Central American
rainforest.
A recognized authority with extensive experience, Mr. Schwartz has lectured and taught civil engineering at UCLA Extension, and is the author of several standard references on engineering and concrete construction.
Hamid Azizi
A Registered Professional Engineer, Hamid Azizi has distinguished himself
for more than 20 years in the analysis and design of low-rise residential and
commercial structures. The Details found in this book are the result of just
some of the many Southern California projects for which Mr. Azizi and his firm
(Executive Engineering of Tarzana, California) have provided professional
guidance.
Mr. Azizi is an active member and past president of the Consulting Structural Engineers Society (CSES), and a graduate of the University of Nevada at Reno (UNR).