Basic Plumbing with Illustrations, Revised - PDF eBook (PDF)

Basic Plumbing with Illustrations Revised
by Howard C. Massey

Contents

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Plumbing, 5

Plumbing Codes, 5

What About Plumbing Permits? 6

CHAPTER 2

The Plumbing System, 7

The Drainage System, 7

The Water Supply System, 9

Plumbing Fixtures, 10

CHAPTER 3

Plot Plans, 11

CHAPTER 4

Isometric Drawings and Definitions, 16

How to Draw the Axes of an Isometric Drawing, 16

Fittings in an Isometric Drawing, 17

Terms Used on Isometric Drawings, 18

CHAPTER 5

The Drainage System, 26

Sizing Drain and Water Pipes, 26

Exceptions to the Rules, 28

Minimum Size Code Requirements, 30

CHAPTER 6

The Vent System, 33

Sizing the Vent System, 33

Horizontal Distance of

Fixture Trap from Vent, 38

CHAPTER 7

Traps, 45

Fixture Traps, 45

Building Traps, 50

Broken Trap Seals, 51

The Parts of a Trap, 52

CHAPTER 8

Cleanouts, 57

CHAPTER 9

Floor Plans and Layouts, 63

Beginning Your Layout, 63

Typical Bathroom Installations, 65

Typical Residential Installations, 69

CHAPTER 10

DWV Materials and Installation, 73

The Principles of DWV Systems, 73

Materials, 77

Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings, 78

Plastic Pipe and Fittings, 84

General Installation Methods, 88

DWV Piping Within a Building, 95

CHAPTER 11

Septic Tanks and Drainfields, 103

Now the Septic Tank Functions, 104

Size and Location of Septic Tanks, 105

Design and Construction of Septic Tanks, 105

Sizing Drainfields, 106

Drainfield Construction and Installation, 109

Care of Septic Tanks and Drainfields, 112

CHAPTER 12

Water Supply and Distribution System, 115

Private Water Supply, 115

Sizing the Water System, 115

Maintenance of Water Systems, 119

CHAPTER 13

Valves and Faucets, 125

Valves, 125

Faucets, 127

CHAPTER 14

Hot Water Systems, 130

The Hot Water System Components, 130

The Hot Water Heater, 131

Safety Devices, 132

Solar Water Heaters, 135

CHAPTER 15

Water Pipe and Fittings, 144

Galvanized Steel Pipe, 144

Copper Pipe and Tubing, 148

Plastic Pipe, 148

CHAPTER 16

Installation of Water Systems, 152

Installing Water Service Supply Pipe, 152

Installing Water Distributing Piping, 155

Avoid Cross-Connection, 157

Basic Plumbing Procedures, 158

Cutting, Threading and Joining Steel Pipe, 163

Cutting and Joining Copper Pipe, 168

Cutting and Joining Rigid Plastic Pipe, 171

CHAPTER 17

Private Water Wells and Sprinkler Systems, 177

The Well, 178

Suction Lines, 181

Pressure Tank Water Systems, 183

Lawn Sprinkler Systems, 186

Troubleshooting Guide - Jet Pumps, 192

Troubleshooting Guide - Submersible Pumps, 195

CHAPTER 18

Roughing-in, 200

Plumbing Fixture Clearance, 200

Plumbing Fixture Carriers, 202

Roughing-In Dimensions, 205

CHAPTER 19

Plumbing Fixtures, 210

Minimum Fixture Requirements, 210

Plumbing Fixture Overflows, 213

Showers, 218

Lavatories, 223

Water Closets, 228

Urinals, 234

Laundry Sinks, 235

Kitchen Sinks, 235

Food Waste Disposers, 236

Under-Counter Dishwashers, 237

Water Heaters, 239

CHAPTER 20

Maintenance of Plumbing Systems, 246

Identifying Types and Locations of Stoppages, 246

Hard Water Problems, 254

Reduced Water Pressure, 255

Pressure Fluctuation, 256

Complete Loss of Water, 257

Water Hammer, 257

Thawing Frozen Pipes, 258

Cleaning Discolored Fixtures, 259

CHAPTER 21

General Plumbing Repairs, 261

Leaks in Valves, 261

Repairing Compression Faucets, 263

Single-Handle Mixing Faucets, 265

Other Types of Washers and Packings, 269

Water Closets, 276

Using Valves to Locate the Leak, 285

Leaking Tanks, 286

CHAPTER 22

Simple Gas Installations, 289

Kinds of Gas, 289

Sizing Gas Service Piping, 290

Materials for Gas Installations, 292

Installing Gas Piping, 292

CHAPTER 23

Private Swimming Pools, 301

Water Supply and Water Disposal, 301

Minimum Pool Equipment, 302

Materials and Installation Methods, 308

Spas and Hot Tubs, 308

Energy Conservation Law, 309

Answers, 311
Definitions of Terms, 361

Abbreviations and Symbols, 367

Plumbing Symbol Legend, 372

Fitting Symbols, 373

Index, 375

Chapter One
Introduction to Plumbing

This book is a guide to good plumbing practice. Even if you've had little or no experience with plumbing systems, you should have no difficulty understanding what's explained here. The text covers the basic principles required to plan, install, and maintain common plumbing systems in residential and light commercial buildings. An understanding of the plumbing code is essential, so code requirements are discussed throughout this book. You'll find questions at the end of each chapter to help test your understanding of the ideas presented. Study the text carefully to master the fundamental principles behind each question before you turn to the answer in the back of the book.

This book will help you select the materials, pipe sizes, and methods of installation generally accepted as correct by most plumbing codes. This manual explains everything you need to know to install plumbing on nearly any residential or light commercial job. But it doesn't go into highly technical areas or specialized plumbing and piping such as hydraulic and pneumatic systems that might just be confusing.

Plumbing Codes

Nearly every city, county and state has adopted a plumbing code to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its people. Building departments enforce these codes and arrange inspections of plumbing work as it's completed. As a professional plumber, you can expect that nearly all of your work will have to meet code requirements and pass an inspection.

The plumbing code is a law intended to be enforced, not a set of directions intended to be followed. That means you shouldn't expect to learn the plumbing trade by reading the code. Still, every professional plumber (whether apprentice, journeyman, master or maintenance plumber) will have to refer to the code at least occasionally. You need a copy of the plumbing code that's enforced in the communities where you do work. If your local building department really wants to help you follow the code (rather than just enforce the code against you), they'll have copies for sale across the counter at the building department.

Please note that homeowners who install plumbing must follow the same rules as professional plumbers. Homeowners are subject to the same penalties as licensed plumbers who don't get the required permits and comply with the code. Good plumbing doesn't depend on who does the work, but on how it's done.

Plumbing codes vary. Every city, county and state can adopt any plumbing code that they want to adopt. Many adopt one of the model codes but amend certain sections. Others follow one of the model codes but not necessarily the latest version of that code. No matter what code your community has adopted, the basic principles of sanitation and safety are about the same.

You should understand clearly that this manual isn't the plumbing code. You'll have to refer to your local code from time to time. But what you learn in this book will meet code requirements nearly anywhere in the U.S. or Canada. The minor differences between model plumbing codes are emphasized throughout this book. They'll be apparent as you read and compare sections of this book with your local code.

Some codes require that only a licensed plumbing contractor do new or extensive remodeling work. However, most codes allow homeowners to do any type of plumbing work in their existing home. Some codes also permit homeowners to install plumbing in a new house if the owner can show a basic ability to do the work without professional help.

What About Plumbing Permits?

Codes require a permit for all plumbing work except repairing leaks, clearing obstructions in sewer lines or waste pipes, repairing faucets or valves, or cleaning septic tanks. When a permit is required, the permit must be posted at the site and available at all times for the plumbing inspector.

You can't cover or conceal plumbing work in any way until the plumbing inspector has checked the work for compliance with the code. As the permit holder, you have to notify the plumbing inspector when the work is ready for test and inspection. Inspections are classified into three categories for a one-story building:

1. ground roughing-in
2. tub set and interior water piping
3. final

For a two-story building, a fourth inspection is required. It's called the "topping out" inspection. All rough piping must be inspected above the first floor and up to and through the roof. After you complete the permitted work, don't wait more than 30 days before you request the final plumbing inspection. Also the building or construction can't be used or occupied until after the final inspection is made. These inspections will be discussed in detail in later chapters so you know how to prepare for each inspection.

Basic Plumbing with Illustrations Revised
by Howard C. Massey

This revised edition offers up-to-date instructions for installing code-approved plumbing in residential and light commercial buildings. Twenty-three chapters cover all the fundamentals of the trade: planning and sizing, installation, maintenance, common layout, materials, and code requirements for each job.

You'll find invaluable information on inspections, floor plans and plot plans, drawing and reading isometrics, code definitions, and materials.

How to size and install plumbing systems:

• traps
• valves
• faucets
• pipefitting

How to rough-in, maintain and repair:

• drain/waste/vent systems
• septic tanks and drainfields
• hot water systems, including solar
• plumbing for swimming pools, hot tubs and spas

Illustrated with hundreds of charts, tables, installation diagrams, and rough-in measurements. Includes a glossary of plumbing terms, plumbing abbreviations, extensive study questions at the end of each chapter, and a section with all the correct answers and the page in the book where the subject is covered.

If you're looking for a book that covers all aspects of code-approved plumbing - planning, installation, and repairs, with big, clear illustrations - this is the book you need.

The Author

Howard C. Massey is uniquely qualified as an authority on the plumbing code and an instructor of plumbing principles. An experienced master plumber, Mr. Massey operated his own plumbing contracting firm for 15 years, undertaking a wide variety of residential, commercial and school projects. He served for 14 years as plans examiner and plumbing inspector for Metropolitan Dade County, Miami, Florida.

Other plumbing books by Mr. Massey are; , and its companion Plumber's Exam Audiotapes, with hundreds of questions and answers of the type you'll find on the plumber's exam.