CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 - Blueprint Basics, 1-1
Blueprints, 1-1
Blueprint Quality, 1-2
How to Read a Set of Blueprints, 1-3
Title Block, 1-4
Page Names and Numbers, 1-4
Overhead View, 1-6
Detailed Perspective Drawing, 1-10
Sectional View Development, 1-12
Scale, 1-13
Drawing Scales, 1-13
Rulers, 1-14
Showing Dimensions, 1-15
Sections, 1-17
Diagrams, 1-18
Symbols, 1-21
Material Symbols, 1-24
Miscellaneous Symbols, 1-26
Window and Door Symbols, 1-27
Lines Used in Blueprint Drawings, 1-29
Hidden Line in Overhead View, 1-30
Center Lines, 1-30
Broken Lengths, 1-31
Topographic Lines, 1-32,
Contour Lines, 1-33
Method of Illustrating Colors, 1-34
Crosshatching to Identify Two Pieces, 1-34
Crosshatching to Identify Two Metals, 1-34
Details, 1-34
Anchoring Sills and Plates to Concrete Block Walls, 1-36
Installation of Electrical Switches and Outlet Boxes in Concrete Block Walls, 1-37
Standard Sizes and Shapes of Concrete Blocks, 1-38
Detailed Cross Section of House, 1-40
Cross-Section End View of a Simple Block Wall, 1-42
Schedules, 1-43
Door Schedule, 1-43
Window Schedule, 1-43
Finish Schedule, 1-44
Room Finish Schedule, 1-45
Kitchen Equipment Schedule, 1-46
Lighting Panel Schedule, 1-48

CHAPTER 2 - Specifications 2-1
Specification Basics, 2-1
What to Look for in the Specifications, 2-2
Specification Sections, 2-7
General Construction Checklist, 2-12

CHAPTER 3 - Site Plans 3-1
Site Plan Symbols and Abbreviations, 3-1
Legal Descriptions, 3-5
Contours, 3-7
Utilities, 3-7
Plot Plan, 3-8
Contour Lines, 3-9
Site Plan, 3-10
Complex Site Plan, 3-12
Topographical Symbols, 3-14
Symbols for Materials and Land, 3-15
Landscape Systems and Graphics, 3-19
Materials Symbols, 3-22

CHAPTER 4 - Architectural
Drawings, 4-1
Architectural Drawings, 4-1
Basement Plan, 4-1
Foundation Plan, 4-2
Footing Plan, 4-3
Footing and Wall Detail, 4-4
Footing Detail, 4-5
Foundation Wall Detail, 4-6
Slab Detail, 4-7
Floor Plan, 4-8
Floor Framing Plan, 4-10
Floor Framing Detail, 4-11
Flooring Detail, 4-11
Stairway Detail, 4-12
Framing Elevation, 4-13
Differing Levels, 4-14
Exterior Elevation Detail, 4-16
Finish Elevation, 4-17
Exterior Elevation, 4-18
Siding Detail, 4-19
Curtain Wall Detail, 4-21
Roof Plan, 4-22
Roof Pitch, 4-23
Flat Roof Detail, 4-23
Built-Up Roof Detail, 4-25
Flashing Detail, 4-25
Graphic Symbols, 4-26
Drawing Conventions and Symbols, 4-26
Architectural Symbols, 4-31
Symbols for Stairs, 4-33
Symbols for Walls, Windows, and Openings, 4-34
Door and Window Symbols, 4-35
Window and Door Symbols, 4-36
Door Schedule, 4-38
Window Schedule, 4-38
Symbols for Chimneys and Fireplaces, 4-39
Materials Symbols, 4-40

CHAPTER 5 - Structural Drawings, 5-1
Structural Drawings, 5-1
Structural Members, 5-1
Open-Web Joist Plan, 5-2
Roof Framing Plan, 5-3
Column Details, 5-4
Column Schedule, 5-5
Complex Column Detail, 5-6
Rebar Markings, 5-7
Structural Steel Symbols, 5-8

CHAPTER 6 - Plumbing Drawings, 6-1
Plumbing Drawings, 6-1
Floor Plan, 6-2
Elevation and Isometric, 6-4
Isometric, 6-6
Plumbing Fixture Schedule, 6-7
Plumbing Fixture Detail, 6-8
Standard Floor Plan, 6-9
Shop Drawings, 6-1 0
Common Plumbing Measurement Terms, 6-11
Piping Symbols, 6-12
Valve Symbols, 6-16
Fitting Symbols, 6-18
Specialty and Miscellaneous Symbols, 6-23
Fixture Symbols, 6-25
Fire Protection Symbols, 6-30

CHAPTER 7 - Mechanical Drawings, 7-1
Mechanical Drawings, 7-1
Air Conditioning Plan, 7-2
Heating Detail, 7-4
VAV Control Diagram, 7-5
Pillow Block: Pictoral View, 7-6
Pillow Block Details, 7-7
Steam Symbols, 7-8
Piping Symbols-Valves, Fitting, and Specialties, 7-14
Piping Symbols-Heating, 7-20
Piping-Symbols-Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, 7-21
Piping Symbols-Plumbing, 7-21
Fire Safety Devices-Sprinkler Heads, 7-22
Fire Safety Devices-Sprinkler Piping, 7-22
Fire Safety Devices-Signal Initiating Detectors, 7-23
Fire Safety Devices-Valves for Selective Actuators, 7-23
Fire Safety Devices- Valve Actuators (Manual), 7-24
Fire Safety Devices-Electrical, 7-24
Fire Safety Devices-Pneumatic Valve Actuators, 7-24
Fire Safety Devices-Valves (Special Duty), 7-25
File Protection Piping Symbols, 7-26
Fittings, 7-28
Piping Specialties, 7-30
Air-Moving Devices and Components-Fans, 7-33
Air-Moving Devices and Components-Ductwork, 7-34
Air-Moving Devices and Components-Dampers, 7-35
Air-Moving Devices and Components-Grilles, Registers, and Diffusers, 7-41
Refrigeration-Compressors, 7-43
Refrigeration-Condensers, 7-43
Refrigeration-Condensing Units, 7-44
Refrigeration-Condenser-Evaporator, 7-44
Refrigeration-Cooling Towers, 7-44
Refrigeration-Evaporators, 7-44
Refrigeration-Liquid Chillers (Chillers Only), 7-45
Refrigeration-Chilling Units, 7-45
Controls-Refrigeration, 7-46
Controls- Temperature or Temperature-Actuated Electrical or Flow Controls, 7-48
Controls Pressure or Pressure-Actuated Electrical or Flow Controls, 7-48
Auxilliary Equipment-Refrigerants, 7-49
Energy Recovery Equipment-Condenser, Double Bundle, 7-50
Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment, 7-50
Power Resources, 7-51
Miscellaneous Plan Symbols, 7-51
Control Diagram Symbols, 7-55
Basic Welding Symbols, 7-59
Welding and Brazing Symbols, 7-60

CHAPTER 8 - Electrical Drawings, 8-1
Electrical Drawings, 8-1
Floor Plan, 8-2
Electrical Plan, 8-4
Reflected Ceiling Plan, 8-6
Power Riser Diagram, 8-7
One-Line Diagram, 8-8
Block Diagram, 8-9
Shop Drawing, 8-10
Schematic Diagram, 8-12
Wiring Diagram, 8-12
Temporary Pole, 8-13
Branch Circuit Schedule, 8-14
Lighting Fixture Schedule, 8-16
Telephone Riser, 8-17
General Electrical Plan Symbols, 8-18
Lighting Outlet Symbols, 8-19
Receptacle Outlet Symbols, 8-21
Switch Outlet Symbols, 8-24
Signaling System Outlet Symbols for Institutional, Commercial, and Industrial Occupancies, 8-25
Signaling System Outlet Symbols for Residential Occupancies, 8-31
Panel boards, Switchboards, and Related Equipment Symbols, 8-32
Bus Ducts and Wireways Symbols, 8-33
Remote Control Station Symbols for Motors or Other Equipment, 8-33
Circuiting Symbols, 8-34
Electric Distribution or Lighting System - Underground, 8-35
Electric Distribution or Lighting System - Aerial, 8-36
Arrester, Lighting Arrester Gap Symbols (Electric Surge), 8-37
Battery Symbols, 8-38
Circuit Breaker Symbols, 8-39
Circuit Breaker Application Symbols, 8-40
Circuit Return Symbols, 8-41
Generator and Motor Symbols, 8-42
Winding Symbols, 8-42
Applications for Direct Current, 8-43
Alternating-Current Motor Symbols, 8-47
Path- Transmission, Conduction, Cable, Wiring, Etc, 8-48
Junction of Paths/Conductors Symbols, 8-49
Polarity Symbols, 8-49
Switch Symbols, 8-50
Pushbutton, Momentary or Spring Return, 8-50
Pushbutton, Maintained or not Spring Return, 8-50
Transformer Symbols, 8-51
Transformer Winding Connection Symbols, 8-54
Motor Control Symbols, 8-56

CHAPTER 9 - Glossary, 9-1
Glossary, 9-1

CHAPTER 10 - Abbreviations, 10-1
Abbreviations, 10-1