Contents

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Plumbing, 5

Plumbing Codes, 5

What About Plumbing Permits? 6

CHAPTER 2

The Plumbing System, 7

The Drainage System, 7

The Water Supply System, 9

Plumbing Fixtures, 10

CHAPTER 3

Plot Plans, 11

CHAPTER 4

Isometric Drawings and Definitions, 16

How to Draw the Axes of an Isometric Drawing, 16

Fittings in an Isometric Drawing, 17

Terms Used on Isometric Drawings, 18

CHAPTER 5

The Drainage System, 26

Sizing Drain and Water Pipes, 26

Exceptions to the Rules, 28

Minimum Size Code Requirements, 30

CHAPTER 6

The Vent System, 33

Sizing the Vent System, 33

Horizontal Distance of

Fixture Trap from Vent, 38

CHAPTER 7

Traps, 45

Fixture Traps, 45

Building Traps, 50

Broken Trap Seals, 51

The Parts of a Trap, 52

CHAPTER 8

Cleanouts, 57

CHAPTER 9

Floor Plans and Layouts, 63

Beginning Your Layout, 63

Typical Bathroom Installations, 65

Typical Residential Installations, 69

CHAPTER 10

DWV Materials and Installation, 73

The Principles of DWV Systems, 73

Materials, 77

Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings, 78

Plastic Pipe and Fittings, 84

General Installation Methods, 88

DWV Piping Within a Building, 95

CHAPTER 11

Septic Tanks and Drainfields, 103

Now the Septic Tank Functions, 104

Size and Location of Septic Tanks, 105

Design and Construction of Septic Tanks, 105

Sizing Drainfields, 106

Drainfield Construction and Installation, 109

Care of Septic Tanks and Drainfields, 112

CHAPTER 12

Water Supply and Distribution System, 115

Private Water Supply, 115

Sizing the Water System, 115

Maintenance of Water Systems, 119

CHAPTER 13

Valves and Faucets, 125

Valves, 125

Faucets, 127

CHAPTER 14

Hot Water Systems, 130

The Hot Water System Components, 130

The Hot Water Heater, 131

Safety Devices, 132

Solar Water Heaters, 135

CHAPTER 15

Water Pipe and Fittings, 144

Galvanized Steel Pipe, 144

Copper Pipe and Tubing, 148

Plastic Pipe, 148

CHAPTER 16

Installation of Water Systems, 152

Installing Water Service Supply Pipe, 152

Installing Water Distributing Piping, 155

Avoid Cross-Connection, 157

Basic Plumbing Procedures, 158

Cutting, Threading and Joining Steel Pipe, 163

Cutting and Joining Copper Pipe, 168

Cutting and Joining Rigid Plastic Pipe, 171

CHAPTER 17

Private Water Wells and Sprinkler Systems, 177

The Well, 178

Suction Lines, 181

Pressure Tank Water Systems, 183

Lawn Sprinkler Systems, 186

Troubleshooting Guide - Jet Pumps, 192

Troubleshooting Guide - Submersible Pumps, 195

CHAPTER 18

Roughing-in, 200

Plumbing Fixture Clearance, 200

Plumbing Fixture Carriers, 202

Roughing-In Dimensions, 205

CHAPTER 19

Plumbing Fixtures, 210

Minimum Fixture Requirements, 210

Plumbing Fixture Overflows, 213

Showers, 218

Lavatories, 223

Water Closets, 228

Urinals, 234

Laundry Sinks, 235

Kitchen Sinks, 235

Food Waste Disposers, 236

Under-Counter Dishwashers, 237

Water Heaters, 239

CHAPTER 20

Maintenance of Plumbing Systems, 246

Identifying Types and Locations of Stoppages, 246

Hard Water Problems, 254

Reduced Water Pressure, 255

Pressure Fluctuation, 256

Complete Loss of Water, 257

Water Hammer, 257

Thawing Frozen Pipes, 258

Cleaning Discolored Fixtures, 259

CHAPTER 21

General Plumbing Repairs, 261

Leaks in Valves, 261

Repairing Compression Faucets, 263

Single-Handle Mixing Faucets, 265

Other Types of Washers and Packings, 269

Water Closets, 276

Using Valves to Locate the Leak, 285

Leaking Tanks, 286

CHAPTER 22

Simple Gas Installations, 289

Kinds of Gas, 289

Sizing Gas Service Piping, 290

Materials for Gas Installations, 292

Installing Gas Piping, 292

CHAPTER 23

Private Swimming Pools, 301

Water Supply and Water Disposal, 301

Minimum Pool Equipment, 302

Materials and Installation Methods, 308

Spas and Hot Tubs, 308

Energy Conservation Law, 309